lisasong.com

I have very mixed feelings about the papers I just finished.

The first one, the coal mine paper, started in Christine Wong’s class. I was driven by the non-stop coal mine disasters. But never found a framework in CW’s class that I can fit the paper in. CW’s class is perhaps best for MPA students: full of details but lack of narrative. And that is how the first version of this coal paper ended up with.

However, while writing it, I came to realize how BS it is for the showy part of the post-diaster damage control: officials crying for the victims and blaming everything on the locals. It was too late to change anything then.

In winter quarter, I started to consider developing my late realization into a full thesis. Gary really liked it. We hit it off really well. But none others did. Whiting’s reactions really stung. So I lived on Gary’s emotional and academic life support for about a whole quarter. I almost wandered into the Tibetan issue before Migdal stopped me cold. Only then did I forced myself to come up with something: a thesis, a framework, a narrative so I can put things together. I kept telling everyone I had everything ready, I only need a spark.

The spark came late but I delivered on the promise. The first draft took me about ten days. The second a week and last about two and half days. By no means I am satisfied with the final version. I probably never will.

The second paper was the one I did for Chirot’s ethnic conflict class. He has a sharp eye for the world and humanity and a warm personality, but not as much an eloquent lecturer as Joel. I remember after reading Herbst’s book on Africa, I was pretty disturbed and asked whether it was OK to left power consolidation to take its own course. He seemed to agree with that. It was a pretty gutsy statement.

Anyway, that paper was about natioanlism in Jamaica and Puerto Rico. Dan still wonders how I picked those two (answer: inspired by “Life in Debt”) But that was a fun little paper. It was one of those cases where I had little trouble finding support for my argument and was full of “a-ha” moments.

The current version of the coal mine paper is here.

Some excerpts:

Abstract

Today, China has the World’s worst coal mine safety record. According to one account, the number of deaths per million ton in China is about 100 times of that of the U.S., 30 times of that of South Africa, and 10 times of that of India. Although coal mining is considered one of the most dangerous industrial occupations, the fact that fatality rate remains so high for so long (for at least two decades) suggests that something is fundamentally wrong with the Chinese coal industry.

To answer the question, “Why fatality rate remains so high for so long in Chinese coal mines”, this paper studies China’s industrial policy with regard to the coal industry and the impact such a policy had on economic and institutional development. We find that the decentralization development model, often credited with having successfully transitioned China out of planned economy, may be responsible for a larger share of coal mine safety problem than some other popularly accepted factors. In other words, the structural cause of coal mine disasters is a case of flawed development policy.

Comment: promising but fuzzy.

???: ????????????????????????????????????????????????
http://baike.baidu.com/view/278.htm

???????????????????????
http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/8610990.html

??????????
http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/19602865.html

????????????????2002?1?1??????????????????????????????
http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/39533017.html?fr=qrl

????????local tax revenue
?????????????????????·???????
????????????????????
http://www.gz.xinhuanet.com/zfpd/2006-12/07/content_8726866.htm

??????????????
2004???????????2521.5????13????????????8??????5???????165????????7.9?????????1572????????????62.3????????????????????650???????????????????88??
http://www.snbinxian.gov.cn/Article_Show.asp?ArticleID=6599

“8.7”???????“8.7”?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
http://www.gdltax.gov.cn/admin/vfs/gd/content/contentTemplate.jsp?ContentId=1006356&siteName=gd&styleName=blue

???????????????????????????2000???????500???????????2031??????????????????????????????????????????????60%??
http://www.ycrx.com/v2005/2008-2/2008217212228.htm

Common reasons of why …
??????????????
?? ,???????”??”
????????????????????

Additional investment in coal mines
???????????? 59???????

Tim Wright’s theme
????????
http://www.dss.gov.cn/rdzt/jxzy.htm

Not enough penalty, lack of enforcement:
????:??????????? (China Journal online)

Local budgetary constraints, problem with revenue sharing:
?????????????????? (China Journal online)
“????????????????????????”?????????????????????????????????????????????????????“??”——?????????????????????”?????????????????????????”
http://epaper.rmzxb.com.cn/2008/20080425/t20080425_190851.htm
?????????????
http://news.xinhuanet.com/comments/2006-11/28/content_5399753.htm
????????????????
http://www.paper800.com/paper9/51D5E130/
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
http://finance.sina.com.cn/roll/20060120/0931519726.shtml
????????????????????????????????????????????????
http://finance.sina.com.cn/g/20080419/08034772341.shtml

Lack of investment:
——????????????????????????500?????2004???19.56?????????7.5?????????????45???????????197.4?????????66.4???????100.2????????15.5???????4.5???????12.6????????????????????????????????????100???
?????????
???????????
http://www.southcn.com/news/china/zgkx/200507170132.htm
???????????????
http://www.china5e.com/www/dev/newsinfo/newsview/viewnews-200709290146.html

Blaming the locals:
??????????????????????????????????
http://news.eastday.com/eastday/node81741/node81762/node107113/userobject1ai1730417.html

Ongoing reforms, promising
Local ownership, production management outsourcing: http://finance.sina.com.cn/g/20080419/08034772341.shtml

Small mine closure statistics
http://www.coalworld.net.cn/jsp/info/view.jsp?name=ccpit_xinwengd.htm&type=A001007002&queryle2_page=1

?????????????1??????????????????1???????????????44??
??????????????????????????????????2006??????????????3431?
http://news.sohu.com/20070605/n250406693.shtml

?20 07????????????5244??
http://chanye.finance.sina.com.cn/zy/2008-01-18/343757.shtml

??“5.18”???????????56????????????????????11????????????????11?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????8079??
http://www.chinasafety.gov.cn/zhengwugongkai/2007-03/02/content_220771.htm

??????????????????: ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
http://www.p5w.net/news/gncj/200803/t1530358.htm
Also:P http://news.xinhuanet.com/comments/2008-01/31/content_7530613.htm

?????????????????????????????????????????????????????1?30?????????????????????5.8%?
http://finance.sina.com.cn/stock/hyyj/20080131/13474477983.shtml

????????“?”??? Challenges of mine consolidation
http://www.china5e.com/news/meitan/200607/200607140234.html

????????“??” ??????? ????????
http://news.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2008-03/02/content_7698839.htm

Mining conditions, comparing US and China
??????????????
http://www.anquan.com.cn/Article/Class107/safety/200710/64221.html
?????????????????????
http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MDKT200706002.htm

?????????
http://www.so100.cn/html/yanjiang/bishai/2006-5/21/065211910018101960.htm

Coal import export summary 2006
http://cn.chinagate.com.cn/economics/2008-01/18/content_9553659.htm
http://www.stecoke.com/Chinese/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=11602

Energy consumption:
US: http://www.eia.doe.gov/aer/txt/ptb0103.html
India: http://earthtrends.wri.org/pdf_library/country_profiles/ene_cou_356.pdf

About mining corruption:
?????????“????”???
http://www.chinasafety.gov.cn/zhuantibaodao/050902ffkjgg.htm
2005???????????????????
http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2005-12/28/content_3979562.htm
?????????????????
http://www.scol.com.cn/comment/mtsj/20051207/2005127114217.htm
???????“??”?????
http://www.china.com.cn/chinese/PI-c/977963.htm

Coal demand supply Gap:
?????????:2005?????????
http://www.ce.cn/cysc/ny/meitan/200411/15/t20041115_2282663.shtml

Center local fiscal conflicts
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????
http://www.snzg.cn/article/show.php?itemid-10105/page-1.html

Shandong coal mine deposit:
??????????
http://news.hexun.com/2008-04-21/105423570.html
????????????????????????????????????????????7???????????????????????????????3??
http://www.vsatsh.cn/bgu/open.asp?id=00000028051033.19&bt=%C9%BD%B6%AB%C3%BA%CC%BF%C4%E2%BD%A8%B4%F3%BC%AF%CD%C5

Previous research: keyword coalmine

????, ?????,???????????,????????,???????????????,”?????????????????”
http://www.ddhw.com/readarticle.aspx?topic_id=1000&msg_id=52550

“????”???????“???”
http://news.qq.com/a/20050308/000389.htm

?????????5?????????????????????????????????
http://news.xinhuanet.com/mrdx/2005-03/08/content_2671653.htm

“??????????????????????”, “?????????????1??”, “??????????????????100??/??????”,”???????????????????????1???”
http://news.eastday.com/eastday/node81741/node81762/node138091/userobject1ai2073426.html

“????????????90%????????????????”, “????????1315???????????650??????????????49.4%”
http://news.eastday.com/eastday/node81741/node81762/node136479/userobject1ai2054063.html

“??????????????????”
http://news.eastday.com/eastday/node81741/node81762/node137587/userobject1ai2067466.html

“?????????????????”, “?????????????????? …”
http://www.jcrb.com/n1/jcrb682/ca334304.htm

?????“????”, ??????????????????????????, ???????, “???“???”????????8?22??9?3????????????????????????????????????????”, “2?23??????????????????”, “?????????????????????????????????????????????”,”??????????????????2005?10?20????????????????4578????????????3002?????????1576????????6.53???????4.73????????????????????????????????????”
http://news.enorth.com.cn/system/2006/07/06/001349783.shtml

“??????????????????”, “???????????????????”, “??????????????”, “???????????????????”, “??????????????????”
http://www.newssc.org/gb/Newssc/meiti/cdsb/jryw/userobject10ai519458.html

???????????????500???????????4?????????????????????????“????”??????????????????????????????????
http://www.hebjob.com.cn/cj/showinfo.asp?newsid=991

??????????, ????????????, ??????????????, ?????????????, ?????????????????20?????????????????????????????????????
http://news.sohu.com/20050203/n224229318.shtml

??????????????????????????????????. “???2000???????????????”
http://www.ce.cn/xwzx/gnsz/gdxw/200501/04/t20050104_2741479.shtml

“????????????????????????????80???????????????????????????????????????????30????????????????????20?????????????????????????50????”
??????????????????????????100????”??????????????????????????????????????????????5?????”
????????????21???????????2.2?????8.1??????????????100?????30???2001????10??????????????10????????188????7.4??????????30??????????28????50???
http://www.ce.cn/xwzx/gnsz/gdxw/200412/07/t20041207_2509665.shtml

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????“??????????????????”????????
http://www.ce.cn/xwzx/gnsz/gdxw/200412/04/t20041204_2483048.shtml

??????????????????????????????????“??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????”???????????????????????????????1?????????????????96????????17???
http://www.ce.cn/cysc/ny/meitan/200412/04/t20041204_2480138.shtml

??????????????????“11.27”????????????????10???????????????? “???????????????????”, “???????????????????????????????.”
http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2007-11/23/content_7132546.htm

“Zhao Ziyang visited Tiananmen Square to say sorry to students “, “It is good to hear a government apologise”, “He used his megaphone to apologise for the disruption caused by the worst winter weather southern and central China have endured in at least five decades.” “All the same, in a one-party dictatorship, where power has traditionally meant never having to say you’re sorry, Mr Wen’s humility is a welcome nod towards accountability. ” “Mr Wen and Mr Hu have done little in concrete policy terms to make them count”, Economist
http://www.economist.com/displayStory.cfm?story_id=10650768

“?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????”
http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2008-02/07/content_7579495.htm

???????????????????15???????????.
http://www.chinapop.gov.cn/rkxx/ztbd/t20061204_160542844.html

?????????“??”?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
http://gb.chinareviewnews.com/crn-webapp/search/siteDetail.jsp?id=100167159&sw=%E7%9F%BF%E9%9A%BE

?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????GDP??????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
http://gb.chinareviewnews.com/crn-webapp/search/siteDetail.jsp?id=100159421&sw=%E7%9F%BF%E9%9A%BE

??????????????????????????”???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????”
http://gb.chinareviewnews.com/crn-webapp/search/siteDetail.jsp?id=100149399&sw=%E7%9F%BF%E9%9A%BE

???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
http://gb.chinareviewnews.com/crn-webapp/search/siteDetail.jsp?id=100169526&sw=%E7%9F%BF%E9%9A%BE

“???????,??????”, “????????????????”, “????????????????????????????????????????????????????” “??????????????????”
http://business.sohu.com/20080123/n254830819.shtml

The New Culture of Apology
http://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/?article=913

Peter Hays Gries: China, culture, apology

Coal mine geoloy, ?????
????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????
http://www.ocn.com.cn/reports/2006161neimenggumeitan.htm

????????
??????????????|Coal.NengYuan.Net ?????http://coal.nengyuan.net/2008/0416/74.html
http://coal.nengyuan.net/2008/0416/74.html

Snow emergency, ??
“???????” ?????????????
http://finance.jrj.com.cn/news/2008-02-02/000003260410.html

????
?????????????, ???????, ????? ?????, ????, ?????Yang Hao? {Yang, 2006 #1}?

China’s “Soft” Centralization: Shifting Tiao/Kuai Authority Relations, by Andrew C. Mertha
counter “local protectionism” and establish standardization in policy implementation
Tiao, Kuai, Commercial and Regulatory Agencies
The makeup of administrative power: personnel, nomenklatura, BianZhi, Charts of relationship.
CCGO, jigou bianzhi weiyuanhui or bianwei
“two distinct avenues of fee collection”(shouzhi liangtiao xian)
Moreover, the principal beneficiaries of this shift to centralized management are the provinces, not Beijing.

Book Review: Beyond that, some of the authors perhaps take the claims of the Chinese state too much at face value – one example (p. 227) is the acceptance of the government’s claim to have cut coal production by 250 million tons in 1999–2000, whereas many scholars in China now believe that output in fact continued at much the same level throughout. Officials were responding to incentives and instructions to cut production by reporting production cuts but not by actually implementing them.

????????:

????????????, ????, ?3 ? ?119??2006? 3?28?

???????????????682?? ??38?, Net article
or from ????

?????????????????????????????

Human Rights Issue:
The state needs to take a stronger and more aggressive stance toward mining companies.

Coal in Economy:
?????????????????
Coal provides a significant 7 percent of urban industrial jobs, in a country with rising urban unemployment.

Severity of Disasters:
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????“??”???????????????????????
figures released in June 2004 show that over 6,000 miners died in 2003
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????, ??????????????????????????????????
????????????
??????6??? ??????????
?????????????????????????
????????????????????
???????2????1?
some two-thirds of the reported 6,000 coal mining fatalities per year occur in small coal mines

System Deficiency:
????????????
???????? ????
??????????????????????
???????? ????????????
?????????????
“???????????70???????????”?????????????. ?????????????????????“???????????????????????????????????”
??????????????????????????100??????????3000??????30???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????.
???????????????????????????????????????

???????????:????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????, ??????????????????70%?????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????
?????????????????????
???????
??????????
???????????????????????“???, ”???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????9??

Central Government/Law:
The government says it has invested more than $240m in safety equipment over the past year, and safety procedures have been improved in hundreds of mines.
???????????? ??1?1????
??????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
??????“??????????”????
????????5290???????
????????15????????????
????? ????? “????”????? ????????????????????
??30??????????? ???????
the prime minister, Wen Jiabao, himself a mining engineer by training
??????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????
????-????
??????
????
??????????????????
????:???????? ?????????

Locality/Enforcement:
???????????????????????
?????”????” ???5???????
???????????? ?????????
?????????? ??10??????20?
??????????? ??1??100??
?????????????
??????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????.???????????????????“??”???????????

Industry Deficiency:
????????????????

News Media/Society Response:
?????????????????
??????????????????????????????????
CCTV: Coal Mine Accidents Special
???????N???
6·22”??????“?????????, ??????????????????????
????????????
?????????????????????
???? ->????
?????? ??:??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????, ??????2?16????????????????????????????? … ???????2?18?????????????????????????????
????????
??????????

US Coal Mine Safety History:
Article: In 1952, a mine safety act was passed, after an explosion that killed 119 miners in West Frankfurt, Illinois, that for the first time established a federal role in mine safety

Milestones in U.S. Food and Drug Law History:
In U.S. v. CARDIFF, the Supreme Court rules that the factory inspection provision of the 1938 FDC Act is too vague to be enforced as criminal law.

We drove the Federal Bureau of Mines out, because they had weaker laws than the state of Illinois. About 1950, we had a federal law passed, but it wasn’t e f f e c t i v e . It didn’t have any police power. But the state law gave police power i n 1953 to the inspector. From that point on, we’ve had little or no trouble, except that we’ve had to protect the law every once i n a while.

?????????????????????????????????????

Regional Competition?Fiscal Reform and Local Governance in China

Decentralization and Local Governance in the Context of China’s Transition

The Cadre Responsibility System at the Local Level in China

The Political Economy of Coal Mine Disasters in China: “Your Rice Bowl or Your Life”
Tim Wright

Reforming China’s Coal Industry

??????????????????????

?????????????????????????????????

??????

???????????????

???????????????

Regulating Death at Coalmines: changing mode of governance in China, SHAOGUANG WANG*

India coal mining data from Minstry of Coal
India coal mining regulations: http://www.indiacore.com/coal.html

China coal mine disaster watch

In China: energy needs vs. mine safety, Christian Science, However, a government audit of those orders found that only 40 percent of those ordered to stop mining actually had.

State Administration of Work Safety SAWS ????

Side Effects/Misc:
????? ?????????????? (other google results here)